Storage battery.



M. R. HUICHISON & C. W. NORTON.

STORAGE BATTERY.

APPLICATION FILE'D MAY 23. 1914.

1 ,283,779. Patented-Nov. 5, 1918.

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M. R. HUTCHISON & C. W. NORTON.

STORAGE BATTERY.

APPLICATION FILED M'AY23, 1914. T y

Patented MY. 0, 1918.

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STORAGE BATTERY.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, I914.

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STORAGE BATTERY. .7

APPLICATION FILE'D MAY 23, 191$.

1,283,779. L PatentedNov. 5,1918.

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STORAGE BAT-TERY.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23. 1914.

Patented Nov. 5, 1918.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEieE.

' MILLER EEEsE HUTCHISON AND CHARLES w. NORTON, or wEsT ORANGE, NEWJERSEY,

ASSIGNORS TO EDISON STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ACOR-PCBE'LTION OF NEW JERSEY.

STORAGE BATTERY.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, 'MILLER REEsE HUTCHISON, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, Essex county, NewJersey, and

CHARLES W. NoEToN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ofWest Orange, Essex county, New Jersey, have .invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Storage Batteries, of which the following is adescription. 1 1

()ur invention relates to secondary or storage batteries and-moreparticularly to storage batteries of the Edison type wherein an alkalineelectrolyte is employed and in which the positive elements contain flakenickel and nickel hydroxid and the negative elementscontainelectrolytically active finely divided iron or oXid of iron. It is to beunderstood, however, that the features comprising'our invention areapplicable to storage batteries of other types.

The principal object of our invention is to 'provide'an improved batterystructure of simple arrangement and construction especially designed forstorage batteries having a' great capacity and a high rate of discharge,as for example batteries used on submarine vessels, whereby batteries ofvarious shapes, sizes and capacities may be quickly and easily assembledand whereby the operation of such batteries will be improved andtheirefficiency and durability increased.

Another feature of our invention consists in the provision of improvedmeans whereby adjacent cells may be readily connected without moving thecells irrespective of slight inaccuracies in the spacing of the cells 7tion, attention is hereby directed to the accompanying drawings formingpart of this Specification and in which c Figure 1 is a view infront'elevation of a storage battery cell in accordance with ourinvention, parts thereof being broken away and parts being shown insection;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a pair-of cells showing theimproved means for connecting the same;

Specification of Letters Patent.

shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a sectional viewtaken approXi-'- mately on the broken line 4-4of Fig. 3, the'lower part of the cell being omitted;

F ig.'5 is an enlarged view in side elevation, partly broken away, ofthe cell shown in Fig. 1, one side of the container being removed andparts being shown in section;

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional viewon iinlela 66 of Fig. 5, partsbeing shown in Fig. 7 is an enlarged view in perspective of the supportor stool for insulating the assembled battery elements from the bottomof the container;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view in elevation, partly broken away, of one ofthe positive elements or plates and the parts carried thereby;

ments or plates, showing the transversely extending strips for holdingthe tubular pockets in place and the manner in which these strips aresecured to the plate;

Fig. 15 is an enlarged view in front elevation, partly broken away, of apair of adjacent negative and positive elements in the same relativeposition they occupy when assembled in the cell; Fig. 16 is an enlargedfragmentary sectional view taken approximately on line 16-16 of Fig. 1through a pair of adjacent positive and negative plates; and Fig. 17 isa sectional view taken approximately on line 17, l7 of Fig. 16, lookingin i the direction indicated'by the arrow.

In the drawings, the same reference characters are used to deslgnatecorresponding parts in all the views.

The battery can or container 1 is preferably rectangular in form andmade of thin nickel-plated sheet steel with the bottom 2 and top 3vwelded to the side walls, and the latter are each provided withtransversely extending corrugations 4, whereby a light air-tightcontainer of great strength and rigidity is obtained.

Reference characters A and B respectively represent the positive andnegative elements or. plates which are alternately arranged side by sidewithin the container 1, the number of negative elements preferablyexceeding the number of positive elements by' one, whereby both of theoutside elements or plates will be negative. The positive elements areeach provided at one side with an apertured pro jection 7 and thenegative elements are each provided at the opposite side with anapertured projection. 8. All the positive ele ments are mounted on ahorizontal screwthreaded rod 9 by means of the projections 7,'and allthe negative elements are mounted on another horizontal screw-threadedrod 10 by means of the projections 8. The plates are suitably spacedfrom each other on the rods 9 and 10 as by means of large metallic nutsor spacing rings 11 threaded on the rods. The outermost rings 11 areexteriorly screw-threaded and are engaged by interiorly screw-threadedhard rubber caps 12, whicl serve to insulate rods 9 and 10 and the ringsor nuts 11 from the front and rear walls of the container 1 and assistin maintaining the parts assembled on the rods, as clearly shown inFigs. 5 and 6.

A plurality 0t terminals or poles are preferably provided for each ofthe sets of negative and positive elements or plates, and in theconstruction illustrated there are two terminals C for the positiveplat-es A and two terminals D for the negative plates B. Each of thepoles or terminals comprises a cylindrical portion 15 passing through afluidtight stuffing box in the cov r 3 and having a screw-threaded outerend. The inner end at each of the poles is preferably formed with asubstantially rectangular head 16 and between the latter and thecylindrical portion 15 each pole is provided with a flange 1?. The head16 has a downwardly extending projection 18, preferably formedintegrally therewith substantially midway of its length, and also hassecured to its ends, as by means of bolts 19, vertical plates 20. Theprojections 16 and plates of the respective pairs of terminals 0 and Dare provided with alined apertures through which the rods 9 and 10loosely pass and are each disposed between two adjacent elements orplates A or B in place of a spacing ring 11. a

As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the members 18 and 20 of poles C are sodisposed that the set of positive plates A is, in efi'ect, divided intotwo equal groups, the plates of which are symmetrically positioned withrespect to the members 18 and 26 of the respective termi nals. Themembers 18 and 20 of the poles D are similarly disposed on rod 10 sothat the set of negative plates B is also, in effect, divided into twoequal groups, one for each pole D.

By the construction just described, a large meagre pole section isprovided for each of the sets of negative and positive plates orelements, and contacting surfaces, the combined area of which is great,are presented to the plates or elements. This is especially advantageousin batteries of great capacity and having a high rate of discharge, asthe internal resistance of such batteries is thereby greatly reduced,with a consequent decrease in the loss of energy durino charging anddischarging. Moreover, tlie reduction of the internal resistance resultsin the generation of less heat within the batteries.

Reference character 21 represents the stutiing boxes secured in cover 3and through which the poles extend. Each of the stuffing boxes comprisesa neck or sleeve 22 secured in an opening in the top or cover 3,preferablylby forming the cover with a bead 23 about such-opening, whichbead engages a groove or recess in the neck 22, whereby a very tightjoint is secured. The neck 22 is provided with a flange 2% engaging theunder side of the cover Surrounding the cylindrical portion of the pole,where it passes through the neck or sleeve 22, is a pair of hard rubbersleeves or washers 25 and 26, between which is disposed an elastic ring27, preferably of soft rubber. The inner end of sleeve 26 isprovidedwith a flange 28, the upper surface of which engages the flange 2a andthe lower surface of which engages the of the terminal. A nut 29 isthreaded on the outer end of each of the poles and by screwing down thisnut the flanges 1T and-28 are brought into firm contactand at the sametime the hard rubber sleeves or washers 25 and 26 are forced to wardeach other and the soft rubber ring 2? is thereby compressed andexpanded laterally to form a fluid tight joint. The ends of sleeves 25and 26 which engage the ring 27 are preferably beveled as shown in Figs.1 and 5, whereby but a slight movement of these sleeves toward eachother is required in. order to expand ring 27 sufficiently to obtain atight joint between the pole and'the neck Under some circumstances, asfor eX- ample in submarine vessels, where space is of great importance,the size and shape of the cells required for different installationsvary greatly, depending largely on the space available for a set ofbatteries. In storage batteries, especially those of the Edison type,the size and shape of the battery can or container are determined by thenumber, size and shape of the negative and positive plates or elementstherein. We have accordingly.

designed a construction enabling battery plates or elements of varioussizes and shapes to be assembled. with much greater ease and despatchand in a much more economical manner than it assembled in the ordinarymanner,

9 same size and shape. 0

This construction is clearly shown in Figs. 8 and 15, and in generalconsists of battery elements comprising main grids having attachedthereto sub-grids carrying the pocket and tubes containing the activematerial. In these figures, reference character 30 represents the maingrid of one of the positive elements A, and 31 the, main grid of one ofthe negative elements B, these main grids being respectively provided,as by stamping, with openings 32 and 33, preferably square and of equalsize. As shown, each main-grid has twelve of these openings arranged inthree vertical rows of four each, whereby the main grids are formed withthe horizontal strips 34 and vertical strips or risers 35, 36, 37 and 38adjacent the openings. The number and arrangement of the openings in themain grids may be varied in accordance with the. size and shape'of thebattery elements and the size,'shape and capacity of the cell required,but are preferably always of the Reference characters 39 and 40respectively represent the subgrids for the positive and negativeblei'nents A-and The sub-grids 39 and 40 are preferably square and'ofequal size, be-

ing slightly larger than the openings 32 and 33 of the main grids, andthe edges thereof are preferably serrated, as shown at 41, for a purposewhich will presently appear. Tubes 42 containing flake nickel and nickelhydroxid are suitably secured at their ends to the sub-grids 39,. andfiat pockets 43 containing iron or iron oxid are suitably secured to thesub-grids 40, preferably in two rows. The tubes 42 are preferably onlyone-eighth or three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter instead ofone-quarter of an in'chas is usual. By using tubes of such smalldiameter, the electrolyte can more readily and intimately contact withall the finely divided material therein. Moreover,

current flowing to or from the inner layers of the activematerial ineach tube does not have to pass through thick outer layers 'of thematerial, and, as this 'material offers more or less resistance," theefficiency of the entire cell will be materially increased. Thesub-grids 39 and 40 are respectively secured to main grids 30 and 31over the openings '32 and 33 therein, preferably by welding theserrations or teeth of the serrated edges 417of the sub-grids to thehorizontal strips 34 and the vertical strips or "risers-35, 36,

, 37 and 38 of the main grids, as shown at 45. The provision of theserratededgcs 41 enables the adjacent edge portions of two sub-grids tobe interfitted or i'nterineshed and welded to one of the strips 34, 35,36, 37 or 38 on a substantially straight line,

whereby it will not'be necessary, in-order 3, to properlysecure thesub-grids to the main grids, .to make certain of these strips as wide aswould be the case if the sub-grids had straight edges. Moreover, theinterfitting serrated edge portions of the sub-grids act to reinforcethe strips of the main grid to which they are secured and preventbuckling and warping thereof. Furthermore, after one of the sub-gridshas been secured to a main grid, the serrated edge portions thereof areof assistance in properly positioning the remaining sub-grids to besecured to the main grid. The term interfitting used in thisspecification and the appended claims to describe the relativedisposition or arrangement of the edge portions of adjacent sub-grids isnot intended to be limited in meaning to a close or exact interfittingof such edge portions. p The sub-grids 39 are preferably secured to themain grids 30 with the tubes 42 vertically disposed while the sub-grids40' are secured to main grids 31 with the p0ckets43 in horizontalposition. The small one-eighth or;

three-sixteenth inch tubes 42' are quite easily bent. In order toprevent displacement or bending of these tubes and the contacting ofadjacent negative elements or plates, we

'provide each of the positive elements with means similar to thatdisclosed and claimedin an application of Miller Reese Hutchison, SerialNo. 815,946, filed February 2, 1914, entitled Storage batteries. Thismeans preferably comprises a plurality of horizontally arrangedcontinuous strips or bands 46. bent around one edge of the'main grid 30and having'a sect-ion disposed on either tubes 42. The ends of eachstrip 46 are preferably welded at 47 to the "riser.. 38

. side of the latter and in contact with the and the portion "thereofbent. around one each pair of adjacent plates A and B. 'By' reason ofthe horizontal disposition of the pockets'43 in the main grids 31 andthe use of the horizontal strips 46 secured to the insulated and spacedfrom each other. The

strips 50 cooperate vwith the bands 46 to assist the latter inpreventingthe tubes 42 from bending and [contacting with the negativeelements.or"plates.; In the construction shown in thesdrawlngs, three ofthe strlps 50 are employed between each pair of ad- ."jacent-verticalrows of sub-grids 39 and 40 and are preferably 'so arran'ged that two ofthe strips respectively engage the two main grids 30, it is necessary toemploy but comparatively few of the strips 50 in order to maintain theelements of the cell properly Cir :aesema rows of pockets 43approximately at their middle portions, whilethe third strip engages theadjacent end portions of the pockets of these two rows, as clearly shownin Figs. 16 and 17. The strips 50, as shown in Figs. 8 and 12, aresupported from the positive elements A by means of hard rubber pins 51which extend through and are secured to the upper end portions of maingrids 30, two of these strips being respectively secured to theprojecting end portions of each pin 51 and accordingly disposed onopposite sides of the respective main grid 30. The lower ends of eachpair of strips secured lo a pin 51 are provided with vertical slots 53which are engaged by the pro jecting end. portions of a hard rubber pin5:2 passing through and secured to the lower horizontal strip 34 of therespective main grid 80. The ends of each pin 52 respectively engage theadjacent negative elements B and assist in maintaining the latter andelements A properly spaced. The pin and slot connections 52 and 53permit relative movement of strips 50 and main grids to thereby providefor relative expansion and contraction of the same under changes intemperature during the charging or discharging of the cell.

In the course of our experiments, it developed that when the horizontalstrips and vertical strips or risers of the main grids adjacent theopenings 32 and 33 therein were as light and of as small cross sectionalarea as was consistent with the strength required and no wider thannecessary to permit the proper attachment of the sub-grids 39 and 40thereto, a slight loss of energy occurred during charging anddischarging of the cell. due to the fact that the main grids of theelements A and B did not have suliicient conductivity orcurrent-carrying capacity toward the pole sides thereof. We haveaccordingly rendered the main grids 30 and 31.

of gradually increasing conductivity toward the pole sides thereof,preferably by making each vertical strip or riser, from 35 to 38. widerthan the one preceding, the outer str. p 35 being substantially no widerthan is necessary for the attachment of sub-grids -39 or do thereto.

Plates A and B are supported and insulated from the bottom of the can orcontainer at their lower edges by a frame or stool E. is clearly shownin Figs. 1 and 7. this stool comprises a plurality. of parallel spacedbars of hard rubber, which extend transversely of plates A and B and aresuitably held together in spaced relation as by a plurality of parallelsteel strips 56 disposed at right angles to the bars and keyed theretoor dovetailed thcreinto, as indicated at 57', as to be substantiallyflush with the lower surfaces thereof. Bars 55 are preferablysubstantially triangular in cross scction and are slightly rounded orflattened at theirltops which engage with the lower edges of plates Aand B. The bars 55 are suit ably held against movement longitudinally ofstrips 56 as by means of pins 56.

The plates or elements A and B are spaced and insulated from the frontand rear walls of the container by frames F, each of which is disposedbetween one of the outside plates or battery elements B andtheadjacentWall of the container, and each of which preferably consists of aplurality of parallel spaced vertical members 58 of hard rubber, securedtogether in spaced relation by a plurality of parallel horizontal steelstrips 59. Members 58 are preferably triangular in cross section andslightly rounded at the top where they contact elements B, and thestrips 59 are preferably dovetailed into members 58 so as to be flushwith the bottoms thereof. Suitable means, such as pins 59, may beemployed to prevent movement of members 58 a longitudinally of thestrips 59.

In the present construction, the positive and negative plates A and Bare preferably so arranged that the edges thereof at each side of thecell are in the same plane, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. While with thisarrangement the respective pairs of adjacent vertical rows of positiveand negative sub' grids 39 and 40 will not exactly register, theefiiciency of the cell will not be greatly impaired thereby.

The plates A and B are spaced and insulated from the side walls of thecontainer by a. pair of frames or ladders K, each of which preferablyconsists of a plurality of parallel spaced horizontal. bars or mem hers(S0 of hard rubber, secured together in spaced relation by a pluralityof parallel vertical steel strips 61. In cross section bars 60preferably have the shape of truncated pyramids and the bottoms thereofengage with the side walls of the container. Strips (31 are preferablydovetailed into bars so so that they are substantially flush with thebottoms thereof, as shown in Fig. 6. The tops of bars (30 are eachprovided with a plurality of parallel vertical. recesses or slits 62 ofequal depth and in which the edges of the plates or elements A, a nd Bare respectively engaged to thereby assist in maintaining the plates orelements in proper spaced relation. Bars 60 may be held againstmovementlongitudinally of strips 61 by any suitable means, such as pins61.

The container 1 is provided with the usual filling opening, preferablyin the form of a tubular neck (35, suitably secured in the top 3 andprovided with a cap or cover 66 which is normally maintained in closedposition.

The cell is preferably provided with a safety device indicated generallyat 67 which suitably secured to the top 3 of the 'The safetydevice'comprises a liquid seal through which all gases escaping from thecell are caused to pass, and has a tube or neck 68 extending above thecontainer, which .neck'is provided with a lid or cover 69, normally heldclosed by spring pressure. The neck 68 is provided with suitableopeninlgls to permit the escape of gases from the ce Reference character70 represents'a tubu la'r' member or drain tube secured to and extendingthrough the top 3 of the container, the upper end of this member beingnormally closed by a cap 71, and the lower endthereof terminatingadjacent the bottom of the cell. The major portion of the tubular member70 withinthe container is flattened in order. that it may be readilydisposed in the small space between one of the outside plates orelements B and theadjacent wall.

of the container, as shown in Fig. 6. When cap 71 is removed, theelectrolyte may be readily removed from the container Without invertingor tilting the latter, either by applying suction to theupper end of thetubular member or pressureto the surface of the electrolyte through theneck 68 of the safety device 67. The construction just described issimilar to that disclosed and claimed in Patent No. 1,198,449, grantedto Miller Reese Hutchison September 19, 1916, and entitled Storagebatteries.

It frequently happens that the-upper ends of adjacent cells of a batteryare not quite accurately spaced as the supports for the cells may be atslightly difierent levels or at slight angles to each other.Accordingly, we have provided the means shown in Fig. 2, for connectingpoles of two adjacent cells.

This means preferably comprises a connecting member in the form of aflat, slightly flexible strip 7 5 of copper, each end of the strip beingprovided with a slightly elongated opening or slot 7 6 for receiving oneof the poles C or D. It will be obvious that the spacing of the twocells shown in Fig. 2 may vary considerably without necessitating anymovement of the cells in applying the connecting strip 75 to the polesthereof asshown, The strip may be firmly secured to each pole between apair of nuts.

It is to be understood that the specific construction illustrated anddescribed herein is subject to many modifications and changes in theform, size and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit ofthe invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new therein anddesire to protect by Letters Patentof the United States is as follows 1.A storagebattery element or plate comprising a grid having a pluralityof rows ofsubstantially rectangular equal-sized openings thereinwhereby'the grid is formed with a series of substantiallyparallel-strips adj acent and between saidrows, said strips being ofprogressively increasing current-carrying capaclty from one side of thegrid to theopposite side thereof, substantially as described.

2. A storage battery element or plate comprising a grid having aplurality of rows of substantially rectangular openings therein wherebythe grid is formed with a series of substantially parallel stripsadjacent and be' tween saidrows, said strips being of progressivelyincreasing width from one side of the grid to the opposite side thereof,and each of said strips being of substantially equal width throughoutits length, substantially as described.

3. A storage battery element or plate comprising a main grid having aplurality of substantially rectangular openings therein, and a pluralityof sub-grids carrying active material respectively secured to said maingridv over said opening, the adjacent subgrids having interfitting edgeportions, substantially as described.

4. A storage battery element or plate comprising a main grid having aplurality of substantially rectangular openings therein, anda pluralityof sub-grids having serrated edge portions and carrying active,material, said sub-grids being disposed over said openings with theadjacent edge portions thereof interfitting, the teeth or serrations .ofthe sub-grids. being secured to said main grid, substantially asdescribed.

5. A storage battery element comprising a plate carrying active materialand provided with serrated edge portions, substantially as described.

6. In combination, a storage battery element or plate, and one or morestrips carried thereby for insulating the plate, when assembled in abattery cell, from an adjacent element or plate, said strips beingalfixed at one end to said first mentioned plate and having pin and slotconnection therewith at the other end, substantially as described;

7. In a storage battery cell, the combination of a container, and agroup of alternately arranged positive and negative plates therein, eachof said plates carrying pockets active material, the pockets ofcontainin the positive plates being substantially at rightangles to thepockets of the negative plates, substantially as described.

8. In a storage battery cell, the combination of a container, a positiveand a negative plate therein each carrying pockets containing activematerial, thepockets of the meat/7o positive plate being substantiallyat right angles to the pocketsof the negative plate, means contactingWith and extending transversely of the pockets of one of the plates, andmeans extending transversely of the pockets of the other plate anddisposed between the latter pockets and said first means for insulatingand separating the plates from each other, substantially as described. V

9. In a storage battery cell, the combination of a pair of platescarrying pockets containing active material, the pockets of one platebeing substantially at right angles to the pockets of the other plate,and one or more insulating strips situated between said plates andextending transversely of the pockets of one of the plates,substantially described.

10. in a storage battery cell, the combination of a pair of platescarrying pockets containing"active material, the pockets of one platebeing substantially at right angles to the pockets of the other plate,one or more insulating strips situated between said plates and extendingtransversely of the pockets of one of the plates, and one or more stripslocated between said insulating strips and the pockets of the otherplate and extending transversely of the latter pockets, substantially asdescribed.

1.1. In a storage battery cell, the combination of a pair of platescarrying pockets containing active material, the pockets of one platebeing substantially at right angles to the pockets of the other plate,one or more insulating strips situated between said plates and extendingtransversely of the pockets of one plate, and one or more strips locatedbetween said insulating strips and the pockets of the other plate andextending transversely of the latter pockets, said insulating stripsbeing supported by one of the plates and connected therewith to permitrelatire expansion and contraction of suchplate and strips,substantially as described.

12. In a storage battery, a plurality of positive and negative elementsor plates, a pair of rods on Which the positive and negative plates arerespectively mounted, a plurality of spacing members on each of saidrods respectively disposed between pairs of adjacent plates mounted onthe latter, and an insulating member secured to and pro jecting beyondeach end of each of said rods, substantially as described.

13. in a storage battery, a plurality of positive andnegative elementsor plates, a

Pair of ro n hi t ositive and Tie/gar tive plates are respectivelymounted, a plurality of metallic spacing members on each of said rodsrespectively disposed between pairs of adjacent plates mounted on thelatter, metallic members (letachably secured to the ends of each rodbeyond the outside plates mounted on the latter, and insulating membersdetachably secured to said last named metallic members and projectingbeyond the ends of the respective rods, substantiall as described.

M. A storage battery cell having a set of positive and a set of negativeelements or plates and a plurality of poles or terminals for each suchset of plates, each set being so connected to the poles therefor that itis, in effect, divided into a plurality of groups of plates, one groupfor each pole, substan-l tially as described.

positive and a set of negative elements or plates and a plurality ofpoles or terminals for each such set of plates, each set being soconnected to the poles therefor that it is, in effect, divided into aplurality of groups of plates, one group for each pole, the plates ofsaid groups being symmetrically disposed With reference to therespective poles, substantially as described.

16. A storage battery cell having a set of positive and a set ofnegative elements or plates, a plurality of poles or terminals for eachsuch set of plates, and means for rigidly and electrically connectingthe plates of each set together and to the poles therefor, each setbeing so connected to the poles therefor that it is, in efiect, dividedinto a plurality of'groups of plates, one group for each pole,substantially as described.

17. A storage battery cell having a set of positive and a set ofnegative elements or plates, a plurality of poles or terminals for] eachsuch set of plates, and means for rig idly and electrically connectingthe plate% of each set together and to the poles there for, each setbeing so connected to the poles therefor that it is, in effect, dividedinto a plurality of groups of plates, one group for each pole, theplates of said groups being symmetrically disposed with reference to therespective poles, substantially as described.

This specification signed and witnessed this 22nd day of May, 1914.

MILLER REESE HUTCHISGN. CHARLES W. NORTON. l fitnesses l ILLIAM A.HARDY, MARY J. LAIDLAW.

15. A storage battery cell having a set of 80

